Probe–Monoclonal Competition Heating Up

Heating up relations between cold fish: competition modifies responses to climate change.

Most predictions about species responses to climate change ignore species interactions. Helland and colleagues (2011) test whether this assumption is valid by evaluating whether ice cover affects competition between brown trout [Salmo trutta (L.)] and Arctic charr [Salvelinus alpines (L.)]. They show that increasing ice cover correlates with lower trout biomass when Arctic charr co-occur, but n...

Heating up the cold bounce

Self-dual string cosmological models provide an effective example of bouncing solutions where a phase of accelerated contraction smoothly evolves into an epoch of decelerated Friedmann–Robertson–Walker expansion dominated by the dilaton. While the transition to the expanding regime occurs at sub-Planckian curvature scales, the Universe emerging after the bounce is cold, with sharply growing gau...

Tokamak start-up with electron-cyclotron heating

Experiments are described in which the start-up voltage in a tokamak is reduced by about a factor of two by the use of a modest amount of electron cyclotron resonance heating power for pre-ionization. The solution of the zero-dimensional start-up equations indicates that the effect is due to the high initial density which increases the rate at which the conductivity increases in the neutral-dom...

Heating up the cutaneous flushing response.

Sheared granular layers: Competition between flash heating and particle comminution

Quantitatively predicting the dynamic response and energy partition of granular fault gouges under shear remains a major challenge in seismology. Earthquake laboratory experiments are limited by capacity of equipments and thus cannot provide similar conditions in real earthquake ruptures. This motivates the development of computational models of granular fault gouge that accurately predict thei...